The header and left navigation column are separate template files called by a shortcut which includes the contents of these templates to the calling template. In this particular site, the left nav bar includes a "quick" search form and shortcuts that render dynamic category lists with links to products in the specified category. There are three separate category lists; type, region, and quicklinks. This "multi" method of categorizing is easily set up in the database setup wizards.
In the header area, cart status shortcuts display cart total and total cart items.